Photovoltaic power generation systems are a type of renewable energy system that utilizes the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electrical energy.  They are widely used in residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial parks, and large-scale ground-mounted power plants. The system absorbs sunlight through photovoltaic modules to generate direct current (DC) electricity, which is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter for use by loads or integration into the power grid, achieving clean and efficient energy utilization. Photovoltaic power generation systems not only meet daily electricity needs but also reduce reliance on traditional fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions, aligning with current trends in green, low-carbon development and sustainable energy utilization.

A photovoltaic power generation system typically consists of photovoltaic modules, a support system, an inverter, energy storage devices, a monitoring system, and power distribution facilities. The photovoltaic modules are the core component, and their efficiency directly determines the system's power generation capacity; the support system is responsible for fixing and adjusting the modules' orientation to obtain optimal sunlight conditions; the inverter converts DC electricity into AC electricity and stabilizes the voltage, current, and frequency; energy storage devices can provide backup power during periods of insufficient sunlight or at night, ensuring continuous power supply; and the monitoring system collects real-time power generation, equipment operating status, and environmental data, providing a scientific basis for operation and maintenance management.
Photovoltaic power generation systems emphasize efficiency, safety, and reliability in their design. The materials used for the modules and support system must have weather resistance and corrosion resistance to withstand long-term exposure to wind, rain, and temperature changes in outdoor environments; electrical equipment must have protection functions against overload, short circuits, and leakage to ensure stable system operation. The system can be flexibly configured according to the installation environment and power requirements, including distributed rooftop systems, centralized ground-mounted power plants, and mobile photovoltaic power generation devices, meeting the electricity needs and economic considerations of different scenarios.